Cappagarriff

Antoinette Lydon

Cappagarriff is in the civil parish of Kilcummin. The civil Parish corresponds with the following Church of Ireland parish of Kilcummin, Galway West. In general the civil parish and the Church of Ireland parish are the same as is the case in the Kilcummin Oughterard area.

The Irish form of the name is Ceapa Garbh     Translation: rough or coarse plot

Cappagarriff is in the Electoral Division of Oughterard, in Civil Parish of Kilcummin, in the Barony of Moycullen, in the County of Galway
Other Forms of the Name:

Cappagarriff
Ceapa Garbh
Cappagorriv Boundary Surveyor
Cappagarriff Barony Cess Book
Cappagorriv Rough division Local
Cappagarriff Rector of Kilcummin
The Rough Plot Rector of Kilcummin

Boundaries:

Cappagarrif is situated in the Northern extremity of the parish. Cappagarriff borders the following other townlands:

Area:

Cappagarriff has an area of:

  • 191,808 m² / 19.18 hectares / 0.1918 km²
  • 0.07 square miles
  • 47.40 acres / 47 acres, 1 rood, 23 perches

The land is very bad and stony. It contains 50 acres, all arable with the exception of 24 acres of rough pasture; a bye road, the centre of which forms part of its Western boundary.

Landlords:

Thomas B. Martin of Ballynahinch Castle.

Martin (Ballynahinch) – A branch of the Anglo Norman family of Martin, one of the Tribes of Galway, was granted the O’Flaherty lands in the Connemara region in the mid 17th century. This family were a junior branch of the Martins of Ross and under the Acts of Settlement were granted vast estates in counties Galway, Mayo, Roscommon, Clare and Sligo. By a patent dated 1698 they were confirmed in the possession of their Connemara estate known as the Manor of Claremount by King William. The Westport Estate Papers document the sale of over 27,000 acres in the baronies of Moycullen and Ballynahinch by the trustees for the sale of Colonel John Browne’s estate to John Edwards for Richard Martin in 1699. The early generations of Martins lived at Birch Hall and Dangan, in the townland of Oranhill, parish of Rahoon, near Galway city. Richard Martin, better known as ‘Humanity Dick’, was the first member of the family to be reared as a Protestant. He was a famous duellist and founded the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Ballynahinch Castle was built in the centre of his estate. His son Thomas Martin died in 1847 during the Famine and Thomas’s only daughter and heir, Mary Laetita, inherited a heavily encumbered estate. She married her cousin, Arthur Gonne Bell, and died in New York in 1850. The Martin estates were offered for sale in two sections in 1849. Their property close to Galway town included Dangan, Corcullen, Bushypark and Killeen. Their Connemara estate was acquired by the Law Life Assurance Society in 1852, to whom it was heavily mortgaged. In 1853 the estate of almost 200,000 acres was surveyed by Thomas Colville Scott for a prospective buyer. Richard Martin, second son of Richard ‘Humanity Dick’ Martin of Ballynahinch, is recorded as holding five townlands in the parish of Killannin, barony of Moycullen, county Galway, at the time of Griffith’s Valuation although he emigrated to Canada in 1833. He was also recorded as the occupier of Clareville, a Martin home in the village of Oughterard. Many of his descendants still reside in Canada.

Thomas B. Martin is a member of the Martin (Ross) family.

Martin (Ross) – The Martin family were established beside Ross Lake in the barony of Moycullen, county Galway, from the late 16th century, where they purchased land from the O’Flahertys. They were Royalist supporters and were dispossessed of their property in the city of Galway by the Cromwellians. Robert Martin received a grant of 2,909 acres in the barony of Moycullen, by patent dated 21 Aug 1677. Jasper Martin of Ross, who died in 1700, had two sons Jasper and Richard, from whom descend the two branches of the family settled at Ross and Ballynahinch. Nicholas Martin, who died in 1811, married Elizabeth O’Hara, daughter of Robert O’Hara of Lenaboy, and according to Burke’s ”Landed Gentry”, a grandniece of James O’Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley. Their grandson, James Martin of Ross, had sixteen children from his two marriages. His daughter, Maud, married H. Callwell and they were the parents of the author, J. M. Callwell. The youngest daughter of James Martin was Violet Florence Martin of the well known literary team Somerville and Ross. The Martins of Ross owned 5,767 acres in county Galway in the 1870s. They advertised the sale of their estate in the Landed Estates’ Court in May 1885.

Information from the Down Survey Website:

The Down Survey website will tell you who owned this townland in 1641 (pre Cromwell) and in 1671 (post Cromwell).

The Down Survey is a mapped survey. Using the Civil Survey as a guide, teams of surveyors, mainly former soldiers, were sent out under Petty’s direction to measure every townland to be forfeited to soldiers and adventurers. The resulting maps, made at a scale of 40 perches to one inch (the modern equivalent of 1:50,000), were the first systematic mapping of a large area on such a scale attempted anywhere. The primary purpose of these maps was to record the boundaries of each townland and to calculate their areas with great precision. The maps are also rich in other detail showing churches, roads, rivers, castles, houses and fortifications. Most towns are represented pictorially and the cartouches, the decorative titles, of each map in many cases reflect a specific characteristic of each barony. (http://downsurvey.tcd.ie)

Down Survey Name: Cangarraffe
1641 Owner(s): O’Fflaharty, Rory McMoyny (Catholic); O’Flaharty, Bryan (Catholic)
1670 Owner(s): Martin, Richard (Catholic)
County: Galway
Barony: Muckullin
Parish: Killcumyn
Profitable land: 40 plantation acres
Forfeited: 40 plantation acres

The Down Survey website will tell you who owned this townland in 1641 (pre Cromwell) and in 1671 (post Cromwell).

Down Survey website

The Tithe Applotment Books

About the Records

Tithes were a tax on agricultural produce which was payable by the occupiers of agricultural land. They were the main source of income for the parish clergy of the Church of Ireland (the largest Protestant church and the church established by law). However, in many parishes a large part of the tithes were ‘appropriate’, which meant that they were payable to a bishop, cathedral chapter or other ecclesiastical recipient, or were ‘impropriate’, which generally meant that they were payable to a local landowner. The parishes used in the Tithe Applotment Books are civil or Church of Ireland parishes, which often differ in name and territory from Catholic parishes, Acts of Parliament of 1823 and 1832 provided for the conversion of tithes into a fixed charge on land, and specified the average price of wheat or oats in the parish in the seven years before 1821 as the basis on which the tithes would be calculated. They also extended the application of tithes to pasture, where previously they had been levied only on tillage.

This change in the law resulted in the valuation of individual holdings in almost all parishes containing agricultural land, in order to assess the portion of the tithes for which each occupier of land would be liable. The apportionment was recorded for each Church of Ireland parish in a Tithe Composition Applotment Book. The information was collected and the amounts were calculated by two Parochial Commissioners, one of whom was appointed by the cess-payers of the parish and the other by the relevant Diocese of the Church of Ireland. This procedure was carried out in over 2,500 parishes between the years 1823 and 1837.

The Tithe Applotment Books are in a variety of formats, from a few pages sewn together to elaborately bound volumes. In most cases they are written in manuscript throughout, although some consist of manuscript entries on printed questionnaires. The information in the books is broadly uniform and generally includes at least the name of occupier; the size of holding, the valuation and the tithe payable. In some cases more detailed information is provided. Some volumes have maps and most have certificates and correspondence attached.

The sub-divisions of the parish were recorded. Some of these subdivisions, such as ploughlands, ceased to be in official use after the six inch survey of the Ordnance Survey was completed in the 1840s. Only productive land was subject to tithe, and the books usually distinguish between this tithable land and untithable land such as roads or mountains. Tithable land was in some cases classified by quality, and a money value was given to each class. In some cases the proportion of tithe payable to the rector, vicar or lay proprietor of the tithes was set out. The column for observations was sometimes completed, with information about commonage, for example.

There are a number of other points that should be noted. The acreages given in the Tithe Applotment Books are in Irish or Plantation measure, which is 1.62 times larger than statute measure. Only occupiers of land at the time of the tithe composition are recorded, so not all heads of households living in a parish at the time are included. Only rural areas are systematically covered, although inhabitants of towns who held plots of cultivable land are included. The equivalent tax in urban areas, Minister’s Money, has left few records.

The Tithe Applotment Books are an important source of information for a wide variety of researchers of pre-Famine Ireland. They provide the first surviving national list of the occupiers of land, and are used by genealogists as a partial substitute for returns of the 1821 and 1831 censuses of population, which were destroyed in 1922. They also record information on the quality of land, and provide information on pre-Ordnance Survey territorial divisions, some of which were not recognised after the 1840s.

The National Archives hold the original Tithe Applotment Books only for the twenty-six counties of the Republic of Ireland. The books for the six counties of Northern Ireland are held in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland in Belfast. (http://titheapplotmentbooks.nationalarchives.ie/search/tab/aboutmore.jsp)

Tithe Applotment of 1829

Patt Mealey is listed as having 28 acres of land. (8 acres of 2nd quality, 12 acres of 3rd quality & 8 acres of 4th quality)

Payment of Tithes: Richard Martin £0 5s 8d, James Daly £0 2s 10d & John Wilson £0 2s 10d

http://titheapplotmentbooks.nationalarchives.ie/search/tab/results.jsp?county=Galway&parish=Kilcummin&townland=Glam+Cappaganiff&search=Search&sort=last_name_sort

Griffiths Valuation 1855

In the Griffiths Valuation the area of land was 50 Acres, O Rood & 25 Perches with a land value of £12.0.0

Occupier of the Land

James Connor

Immediate Lessor

Directors of Law Life Assurance Co.

http://www.askaboutireland.ie/griffith-valuation/index.xml?action=doNameSearch&PlaceID=559701

Poor Law Union Ireland

In Ireland the Poor Relief Act of 1838 divided into districts or “unions” in which the local taxable inhabitants were to be financially responsible for all paupers in the area. In 1898 the Poor Law Union was adopted as the basic administrative division in place of the civil parish and barony. Further subdivision into 828 registration districts and 3,751 district electoral divisions followed. Townlands were not arranged according to these divisions with parish and barony retained as a means to make comparisons with records gathered before 1898.

The 1838 Act

The main provisions of the 1838 Act were:

  • The extension of the existing Poor Law Commissioners’ powers to Ireland, with the appointment of Assistant Commissioners who were to implement the Act in Ireland.
  • The division of the country into Poor Law Unions based on Irish electoral divisions which were themselves made up from townlands.
  • The creation of a Board of Guardians for each Union, two-thirds of whom were to be elected, the other third to be appointed ex officio.
  • The setting up of a workhouse in each Union.
  • The collection of a local poor-rate to finance the system.
  • Assistance for emigration.

Initially, 130 Unions were created, based upon 2,049 electoral divisions. The divisions were composed of townlands, a peculiarly Irish unit, traditionally of 120 Irish acres in area. (Between 1848 and 1850, an additional 33 Unions were created by subdividing and reorganizing the boundaries of some existing Unions, particularly in the west of the country.

Boards of Guardians were elected annually on 25th March. Only rate-payers were eligible for election, which effectively disenfranchised most of the native Irish who were usually tenants at this time. Rate-payers were allowed between one and six votes depending on the size of a valuation of their property.

Population & Census Information

You can retrieve a list of people who lived in this townland from 1827 to 1911. This list is compiled from the following resources.

  • The Tithe Applotment Books
  • Griffith’s Valuation
  • 1901 Census
  • 1911 Census

List of nineteenth century and early twentieth century inhabitants.

Census 1841-1911

1841 Nobody living in the townland

1851 Nobody living in the townland

1861 Nobody living in the townland

1871 Nobody living in the townland

1881 Nobody living in the townland

1891 Nobody living in the townland

1901 Nobody living in the townland

1911 Nobody living in the townland

Townlands

A town land is one of the smallest land divisions in Ireland. They range in size from a few acres to thousands of acres. Many are Gaelic in origin, but some came into existence after the Norman invasion 1169. Cappagarriff is a townland.

Church records of births, deaths and marriages:

Church records of births, deaths and marriages are available online at http://www.rootsireland.ie. To search these records, you will need to know the ‘church parish’ rather than the ‘civil parish’. (The civil parish is the pre-reformation parish and was frequently used as a unit of administration in the past.)

Cappagarrif is in the civil parish of Kilcummin.

Catholic parish:

This civil parish corresponds with the following Roman Catholic parish or parishes.

  • Clonbern & Kilkerrin in Galway East.
  • Carraroe in Galway West.
  • Kilannin in Galway West.
  • Kilcummin/Oughterard in Galway West.
  • Rosmuc in Galway West.

Church of Ireland parish:

This civil parish corresponds with the following Church of Ireland parish.

  • Kilcummin in Galway West.

In general, the civil parish and the Church of Ireland parish are the same, but, this is not always the case.

Maps

It is located at 53° 27′ 32″ N, 9° 20′ 55″ W.

Original OS map of this area, Ireland was first mapped in the 1840s. 

Original OS maps at the Ordnance Survey of Ireland website 

Below is a link to the Ordnance Survey of Ireland website. It displays the original OS map that was created in the 1840s.

Cappagarriff

Information from Google Maps:

Information from the National Monuments Service:

You can use this link to view a map of archaeological features.

Archaeological map from the National Monuments Service

 

Taken from a local publication A Valley Remembers GLANN first published in 2009.

Cappagarrif: An Ceapach Gharbh, The rough tillage field. Area 50 acres. The small townland also on the lake shore is home to Cappagarrif House originally erected by Bob Hodgson.

The townland gives its name to one of the most sheltered and beautiful bays in the Glann area.

According to the Patent Roll of James 1 in 1641, the grantee of the lands of Cappagarrif was Francis Blake.

In the 1850’s, according to John O Donovan Field Notes at the time of the Griffith valuation the Proprietor was Thomas B. Martin of Ballinahinch. He described the land as very bad and stony containing 50 acres all arable with the exception of 24 acres of rough pasture, a bye road the centre of which forms its eastern boundary.

In the 1850’s a man by the name of James Connor farmed here. At this time according to Griffiths valuation the Lessor was the Directors of the Law Life Assurance Company. The rateable valuation for the land was £12.0.0.

The Martin Estate went into liquidation in 1849 and was leased by the Law Life Assurance Company of London. They sold it in 1872 to a London Brewer by the name of Richard Berridge. He remained an absentee Landlord, with a bad reputation. At that time The Land League had started in Mayo and tenants were beginning to organise seeking rights of tenure and fairer rent. In the early 1880s some tenants in Carraroe stood against an Eviction team. This was the beginning of the end of the huge estates and their intolerable abuse of their poor tenants.

At the time of the 1911 census there were no residents living in Cappagarrif.

The property changed hands in the 1920s. A man by the name of Partridge bought it. He used to keep Jersey cows. Peter Lydon bought one when he was leaving, the asking price was £30. A man by the name of Cyrill then bought it in 1950. Then Barbara Bellgedes or Miss Elly of Dallas fame lived there. Then the oil tycoon Mr Charles Moon a relation of Moons of Galway bought it. Jim Kelly originally from Coosan worked there then as gardener. When Mr. Moon passed away a Mrs Keefler bought it. It is presently owned by a man from Canada of Irish descent Mr. Cashman. He tidied the place up after he bought it and keeps livestock. 

Townlands.ie Website 

http://www.townlands.ie/galway/moycullen/kilcummin/oughterard-ed/cappagarriff/

 Galway Library Website 

http://places.galwaylibrary.ie/asp/fullresult.asp?id=52013 

This page was added on 15/02/2015.

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